Network Controllers

Network Interface Card (NIC) Definition:
A Network Interface Card (NIC) is a hardware component that connects a computer to a network. It facilitates the transmission and reception of data packets over a wired or wireless network.

Functions:
1. Data Transmission: NICs enable computers to send and receive data packets to and from other devices on the network.
2. Network Protocol Handling: They process network protocols such as TCP/IP, which govern how data is transmitted and received.
3. Error Checking: NICs check for errors in data transmission and request retransmission if necessary.
4. Data Buffering: They temporarily store data to manage the flow of information between the computer and the network.

Applications:
1. Local Area Networks (LANs): NICs are essential for connecting computers within a local network, allowing for file sharing, resource sharing, and communication.
2. Wide Area Networks (WANs): They enable long-distance communication by connecting LANs over larger distances.
3. Internet Connectivity: NICs are used to connect computers to the internet, allowing users to access online resources and services.
4. Wireless Networks: Wireless NICs, such as Wi-Fi cards, allow devices to connect to wireless networks without the need for physical cables.

Selection Criteria:
1. Compatibility: Ensure the NIC is compatible with the computer's operating system and hardware.
2. Speed: Choose a NIC with the appropriate speed for the network's bandwidth requirements.
3. Type of Network: Select a NIC that supports the type of network being used (e.g., Ethernet, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth).
4. Form Factor: Consider the physical size and form factor of the NIC to ensure it fits within the computer's case.
5. Additional Features: Some NICs offer additional features such as encryption, virtualization support, or advanced error correction, which may be desirable depending on the use case.
Please refer to the product rule book for details.