Splitters & Jumpers

Shunts and Jumpers: Definition, Function, Applications, and Selection Criteria

Shunts and jumpers are small electronic components that play a crucial role in circuit design and troubleshooting. They are used to alter the path of current flow within an electrical circuit.

Definition:
- A shunt is a low-resistance conductor that is connected in parallel with a component to divert a portion of the current around that component. It is often used to measure current by creating a voltage drop across a known resistance.
- A jumper is a removable link in a circuit that allows the user to change the circuit's configuration without soldering or desoldering components. It is typically used for testing, prototyping, or to enable different settings on a device.

Function:
- Shunt: The primary function of a shunt is to measure current. By connecting a shunt in parallel with a load, the voltage drop across the shunt can be measured, and the current can be calculated using Ohm's Law (I = V/R).
- Jumper: Jumpers serve as a manual switch to bypass or connect components. They are used to short out a section of a circuit, change the configuration of a circuit, or to enable/disable certain features.

Applications:
- Shunt: Shunts are commonly used in ammeters, where they allow the meter to measure high currents without being damaged. They are also used in power supplies to regulate output voltage by diverting excess current.
- Jumper: Jumpers are used in various applications, including computer motherboards for configuration settings, in test equipment for setting up different test scenarios, and in electronic devices for user-configurable options.

Selection Criteria:
1. Resistance: For shunts, the resistance should be low enough to minimize the voltage drop and power loss but high enough to provide a measurable voltage.
2. Current Rating: Both shunts and jumpers should be rated to handle the maximum current expected in the circuit without overheating or failing.
3. Material: Shunts are often made from materials with low resistivity, such as copper or silver, to minimize resistance. Jumpers can be made from various conductive materials, depending on the application.
4. Size and Form Factor: The physical dimensions and form factor should fit the space available in the circuit and be compatible with the connectors or terminals.
5. Reliability: Jumpers should be reliable and durable, especially if they are frequently changed or if they are part of a safety-critical system.

In summary, shunts and jumpers are essential tools in electronics for measuring current and modifying circuit configurations, respectively. Their selection should be based on the specific requirements of the application, including current rating, resistance, material, and physical dimensions.
Please refer to the product rule book for details.