Embedded Systems

An embedded system is a specialized computer system designed to perform one or a few dedicated functions, often with real-time computing constraints. It is typically embedded as a part of a larger system, and it is not meant to be a general-purpose computer. Embedded systems are found in a wide range of devices, from simple household appliances to complex industrial machinery.

Definition:
An embedded system is a computer system with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time performance requirements. It is designed for specific tasks and usually has a long lifecycle, with minimal user interaction.

Functions:
Embedded systems serve various functions depending on their application. They can include:
- Control: Managing and the operation of machinery or processes.
- Signal processing: Filtering, analyzing, and transforming signals from sensors.
- User interface: Providing a means for users to interact with the system.
- Communication: Facilitating data exchange between devices or with a network.
- Safety: Ensuring the system operates within safe parameters and responds appropriately to faults.

Applications:
Embedded systems are ubiquitous and can be found in:
- Consumer electronics: Smartphones, digital cameras, gaming consoles.
- Home appliances: Refrigerators, washing machines, smart thermostats.
- Automotive: Engine control units, infotainment systems, safety features.
- Industrial automation: Robotics, process control, systems.
- Medical devices: Patient monitors, diagnostic equipment, prosthetics.
- : Avionics, flight control systems, communication.

Selection Criteria:
When choosing an embedded system, several factors are considered:
- Performance: The system must meet the required processing speed and memory capacity.
- Reliability: It should be robust and resistant to environmental factors like temperature, vibration, and power fluctuations.
- Power efficiency: Especially important for battery-powered devices or systems with limited energy sources.
- Size and form factor: Must fit within the physical constraints of the device it is embedded in.
- Cost: Balancing the cost of the system with the performance and features required.
- Software and hardware compatibility: Ensuring that the system can integrate with existing software and hardware.
- Security: Protecting against unauthorized access and ensuring data integrity.
- Longevity: The system should have a long operational life with minimal maintenance.

Embedded systems are chosen based on their ability to meet these criteria while fulfilling the specific needs of the application they are designed for.
Please refer to the product rule book for details.